Centos7编译安装lnmp - Icharle | Don't forget your first thoughts

杂说

lnmp指的是Linux、Nginx、MySQL、PHP这四个的第一个字母的缩写，也有叫一个lamp的，同理它是Linux、Apache、MySQL、PHP这四个的第一个字母的缩写。很明显，他们的区别就是Nginx与Apache的区别。之前，Apache占据了服务器领域的半壁江山，随着Nginx发展，高并发、轻量的优势，近几年逐渐走在大家的视野，正因为高并发、轻量优势，这次博主就来编译安装下lnmp环境。

准备阶段

先是需要升级下系统的软件包
```
yum update -y
```

安装编译所需要的依赖包和库

yum install -y make apr* autoconf automake curl curl-devel gcc gcc-c++  cmake  gtk+-devel zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre-devel gd kernel keyutils patch perl kernel-headers compat* cpp glibc libgomp libstdc++-devel keyutils-libs-devel  libarchive   libsepol-devel libselinux-devel krb5-devel libXpm* freetype freetype-devel freetype* fontconfig fontconfig-devel libjpeg* libpng* php-common php-gd gettext gettext-devel ncurses* libtool* libxml2 libxml2-devel patch policycoreutils bison zlib pcre libxslt libxslt-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel libmcrypt-devel zip unzip gzip --skip-broken

yum install -y zlib pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel

开放端口(若是开启防火墙，必须开放，否则无法访问)

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=http --permanent   #80端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=https --permanent  #443端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=mysql --permanent  #3306端口
systemctl restart firewalld.service                         #重启防火墙

编译安装Nginx

配置用户组及组帐户

groupadd www
useradd www -s /sbin/nologin -g www  #创建不可登录的组帐户

下载安装Nginx

# 下载
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz

# 解压
tar zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz     
cd nginx-1.12.2/

# 配置参数
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=www \
--group=www \
--without-http_memcached_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-pcre \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_sub_module

# 安装
make && make install

使用

# 开启Nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

# 快速停止Nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

# 正常停止Nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit

# 重新加载配置文件
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

# 查看Nginx进程
ps aux|grep nginx

上面的命令太长，不方便使用，下面介绍使用脚本缩短命令:

# 创建文件
vi /etc/init.d/nginx

# 将下面脚本复制到文件中
#!/bin/bash
# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
# it is v.0.0.2 version.
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.
#              It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.
# processname: nginx
# pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginxd=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx_pid=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
RETVAL=0
prog="nginx"
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "${NETWORKING}" = "no" ] && exit 0
[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0
# Start nginx daemons functions.
start() {
if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then
   echo "nginx already running...."
   exit 1
fi
   echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
   daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}
   RETVAL=$?
   echo
   [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx
   return $RETVAL
 }
 # See how we were called.
 case "$1" in
 start)
        start
        ;;
 stop)
        stop
        ;;
 reload)
        reload
        ;;
 restart)
        stop
        start
        ;;
 status)
        status $prog
        RETVAL=$?
        ;;
 *)
        echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"
        exit 1
 esac
 exit $RETVAL

如果你懒得复制，你可以下载下面文件即可

# 下载脚本
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/icharle/lnmp/master/nginx

# 移动到/etc/init.d/
mv nginx /etc/init.d/nginx

下面设置脚本权限以及设置Nginx开机自启动

# 设置权限
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx

#设置Nginx开机自启动
chkconfig --add nginx
chkconfig --level 345 nginx on

脚本下使用

# 开启
service nginx start

# 停止
service nginx stop

# 重启
service nginx restart

# 重新加载配置文件
service nginx reload

# 查看状态
service nginx status

43-1

MySQL安装

配置用户组及组帐户

groupadd mysql
useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql  #创建不可登录的组帐户

下载安装MySQL

# 下载
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.20.tar.gz

# 解压
tar zxvf mysql-5.7.20
cd mysql-5.7.20

# 新建文件夹及文件(用于存储数据库文件及日志文件)
mkdir -p /var/mysql/data
mkdir -p /var/mysql/logs
touch /var/mysql/logs/mysql.pid
touch /var/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log
touch /var/mysql/logs/mysql-slow.log

# 更改属性组
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/mysql/data
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/mysql/logs
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/mysql/logs/mysql.pid
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/mysql/logs/mysql-slow.log

# 配置参数
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/var/mysql/data \
-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=boost/boost_1_59_0/ \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1

# 安装
make && make install

配置MySQL配置文件

# 移除系统自带配置文件
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf-`date +%F`

# 创建配置文件并将下面复制其中
vi /etc/my.cnf

# 该配置文件供参考
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /var/mysql/data
pid-file = /var/mysql/logs/mysql.pid
user = mysql
server-id = 1

init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4

#skip-name-resolve
#skip-networking
back_log = 300

max_connections = 1000
max_connect_errors = 6000
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 128
max_allowed_packet = 4M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 16M

read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
key_buffer_size = 4M

thread_cache_size = 8

query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 8M
query_cache_limit = 2M

ft_min_word_len = 4

log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 30

log_error = /var/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /var/mysql/logs/mysql-slow.log

performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

#lower_case_table_names = 1

skip-external-locking

default_storage_engine = InnoDB
#default-storage-engine = MyISAM
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1

interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M
EOF

如果你觉得要复制很麻烦，可以直接下载

# 下载脚本
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/icharle/lnmp/master/my.cnf

# 移动到/etc
mv my.cnf /etc/my.cnf

配置数据库

# 初始化数据库
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

# 获取临时密码
cat /var/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log

# 登录数据库
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p    #密码为刚才的临时密码

# 修改数据库密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root';   #这里博主将它改为root
khaesmVq#5->

优化操作

# 添加数据库开机自启动
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld  
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on

# 设置系统环境变量(以后不用输入mysql安装路径就可以使用mysql命令)
vim /etc/profile

# 在最后添加这行代码
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

# 使其生效
source /etc/profile

# 修改MySQL访问权限，使其可以外网访问
use mysql;
update user set host = '%' where user ='root';
flush privileges;

43-3

安装PHP

下载安装PHP

# 下载
wget http://cn2.php.net/get/php-7.2.1.tar.gz/from/this/mirror

# 解压
tar zxvf mirror
cd php-7.2.1/

# 配置参数
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7/etc \
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config \
--enable-mysqlnd \
--with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock \
--with-gd \
--with-iconv \
--enable-calendar \
--enable-opcache \
--with-xsl \
--with-zlib \
--enable-xml \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--enable-mbregex \
--with-freetype-dir \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-ftp \
--with-png-dir \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-zip \
--enable-soap \
--without-pear \
--with-gettext \
--enable-session \
--with-curl \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-freetype-dir   \
--with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/

# 安装
make && make install

配置PHP

# 设置开机自启动
cp php-7.2.1/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chkconfig --add php-fpm
chkconfig php-fpm on

# 配置php.ini
cp php-7.2.1/php.ini-production /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini

# 删除自带配置文件
rm -f /etc/php.ini  

# 添加软链接
ln -s /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini /etc/php.ini  

# 拷贝模板配置文件为 php-fpm 配置文件
cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf  

# 修改文件
vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
将;pid = run/php-fpm.pid前面的;删除

# 复制配置文件
cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

# 修改用户组及组用户
vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
将user = nobody 和 group = nobody 的 nobody 改成 www

# 开启php-fpm服务
service php-fpm start

配置Nginx及php-fpm

修改nginx.conf文件

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

#location ~ \.php$ {
#    root           html;
#    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
#    fastcgi_index  index.php;
#    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
#    include        fastcgi_params;
#}

将前面#去掉，并将
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
修改为:
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

优化配置
Nginx默认的文件存放目录是/usr/local/nginx/html/,我们为了方便，可以将它软链接到根目录，这样大大方便我们存放。
```
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/html/ /www
```
再者，如果我们需要添加新主机的话，需要到默认的nginx.conf文件修改，但是这样容易误删出其它配置，而且新主机比较多的时候很难找出来，所以我们可以采用分开的方式将其独立开来。

先在nginx.conf中添加include "vhost/*.conf";,这句话表示引入在文件夹下所有.conf的配置文件。
接着新建vhost文件夹。
```
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
mkdir vhost
```
这样以后再增添一个主机时，就在/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost中添加配置文件，并在/www中放对应的文件。

vhost站点配置案例
```
server {
   listen       80;
   server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

   location / {
       root   html;
       index  index.php index.html index.htm;
   }
   
   location ~ \.php$ {
       fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
       fastcgi_index  index.php;
       fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
       include        fastcgi_params;
      }
}
```

43-2

安装phpMyAdmin

# 下载安装
wget https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/4.7.7/phpMyAdmin-4.7.7-all-languages.tar.gz

# 解压
tar zxvf phpMyAdmin-4.7.7-all-languages.tar.gz

# 移动文件夹
mv phpMyAdmin-4.7.7-all-languages /www/phpMyAdmin

# 即可使用phpMyAdmin

43-4